Why is Zero Dark Thirty Wrong?

Zero Dark ThirtyThere is a bit of disagreement about Zero Dark Thirty among those who are completely in agreement about the politics. Let’s start with the agreement. First, torture is wrong. I am so angry I even have to write that, because when I was a kid, that was a given. Anyway. Second, torture is not effective. Third, torture did not lead to finding Osama bin Laden.

This is a big deal, because sadly, there are many people in this country who don’t agree with any of those statements. We know that Dick Cheney doesn’t. He might say that torture is unfortunate, but given that the “evil doers” use it, we must. So we are talking about people who are firmly on the liberal side of this issue—also known as the right side.

Jane Mayer at The New Yorker really takes the film to task. She calls Kathryn Bigelow a torture apologist. Bigelow defends herself on this score, claiming that she’s just showing the way things were. But Mayer goes to some length to show this isn’t true. The torture in the first half hour of the film is not there to say, “Hey! Look what we did!” Instead, it is there to say, “Hey! Look how we found bin Laden!”

Andrew Sullivan, in contrast, writes an article titled, Kathryn Bigelow: Not A Torture Apologist. Strangely, however, in defending Bigelow, he is making an even more fierce attack on the United States government:

In that way, it exposes the Biggest Lie of the Bush-Cheney administration: that Abu Ghraib was an exception, and not the rule. What was done to suspects in Abu Ghraib was actually less grotesque, less horrifying, and less shocking than what Bush and Cheney ordered the CIA to do to human beings directly.

He later writes, “The torture was not for intelligence… It was for revenge.” But after reading the whole review (that is well worth reading), I was left asking, “How is Bigelow not an apologist?”

Apparently, a lot of people wondered the same thing. Today, he wrote another article in which he specifically counters Jane Mayer’s argument. And frankly, I think he digs himself even further in. Basically, he’s saying that of course these CIA people would self-justify. They would have to in order to live with themselves. But this shows that Sullivan has an extremely primitive notion of storytelling. There is no such thing as objective fiction. You can present people doing vile things without showing agreement. And Sullivan must know this, because he notes that Bigelow presents these horror without judging them positive or negative. But that itself is a judgement.

Sullivan goes on to argue that Bigelow is a moral coward. But somehow, she is not an apologist. Still, he writes this, “One has to wonder whether any morally serious director would have chosen a morally-neutral approach to torture if she were portraying torture practiced by, say, the Iranian terror state, or by Nazis or Communists?”

I think this is yet another case of Andrew Sullivan being uncomfortable with who he is. He claims to be a conservative, yet the issues that drive him are all liberal. So I think this is a case: he doesn’t want to be part of the liberal bandwagon who are attacking Zero Dark Thirty. But he actually thinks it is even worse than all the liberals are claiming.

As for me: I would like to see the film so I could say for myself. But I know that at best it would just be another Hollywood action/suspense film with little to recommend it. You know: an Oscar contender.

Guns Cheap, Mental Health Expensive

Guns vs. HealthcareI’ve already written about how I think the primary lesson of the many recent mass shootings is that we need to do something about the easy availability of guns. But I still think much more needs to be said about mental health and anyway, I’m not sure that I have a lot to add on the gun situation. Go watch Up with Chris Hayes.

When Ronald Reagan was governor of California, he had a great idea to save the state money: close down most of the mental hospitals. This was a false economy, to say the least. I’m not sure what the correlation is exactly, but this decision happened shortly before California saw its ranks of homeless skyrocket.

This is not just a California problem, of course. Sy Mukherjee wrote an excellent article over at Think Progress yesterday, It’s Easier For Americans To Access Guns Than Mental Health Services. In it, he notes that for the poor, it is much cheaper to buy a gun than to buy mental healthcare. He has the data in the article. But I was really struck by this passage:

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) reports that Connecticut’s public mental health system currently provides coverage for less than one in five Connecticut residents with a serious mental health problem. The other four may not be able to afford to pay for those services on their own, particularly since mental health issues tend to disproportionately affect poor people.

Four out of five? That’s amazing. But that’s what our country has become. It is like the psychopaths have taken full charge of our policy. And now what we hear is that we can’t do anything about the mental health system; we can’t do anything about our gun situation; but we can militarize our schools.

We are a rich society that can afford to take care of our less fortunate.

Schizophrenia and Psychopathy

The Psychopath TestI’ve heard a lot of loose talk about schizophrenia and (much more) psychopathy. They are not the same thing. They aren’t even all that similar except that they are both pathologies and people suffering from both can be dangerous but in completely different ways. Schizophrenia is a broad term, but in general it causes people to experience things that others don’t. Or perhaps more bluntly: schizophrenics often hear and see and believe things that are simply not real. It is a heartbreaking disease. Schizophrenics tend to live in an uncertain world that is often malevolent.

This is all very different from psychopathy. Psychopaths see the world the way the rest of us do. They just don’t respond to it the way the rest of us do. We’ve all known people with more and less empathy. Psychopaths are people with very little or no empathy. That doesn’t mean they are violent or antisocial. In fact, being a psychopath is very good in certain professions. Globally, about 1% of people are psychopaths, but 4% of corporate CEOs are. And you can well imagine that rescue workers might be better off not having emotional reactions to other people’s suffering.

The Psychopath-Schizophrenic Connection

Psychopaths often are violent, of course. In general, our society is based upon us all not being psychopaths. So much of our social order just comes down to us all caring about each other. And whether they are violent or not, psychopaths can use all of our empathy against us. But outside of that, I have very mixed feelings about them. On the one hand, I could sure use some of their low-anxiety confidence. On the other hand, I think they’re almost non-human—what is it that makes us human but our empathy?

I tend to think these shooters are schizophrenics, rather than psychopaths, simply because they reliably kill themselves. Just the same, the whole murder process in these mass shootings is so systematic they seem psychopathic. And who knows: maybe it is both. Or neither. But I know that we need to try to help the schizophrenics, regardless of their effect on us. I’m not sure there is much we can do about the psychopaths.

Afterword

I’ve known quite a number of women who have self-mutilated themselves. It is a small example of people behaving in extreme ways that don’t make sense and don’t (in any direct way) lead to the resolutions of their problems. In saying this, I am not justifying killing or self-mutilating. I am only saying that it would be useful to help people before they get to that point. Or at least to try.

Conservative Answers for Shootings

Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting aftermathYesterday, I reported on the obsession of Wall Street Journal reporters Tamer El-Ghobashy and Devlin Barrett regarding how the shooter got through the security system at Sandy Hook Elementary School. It was otherwise a good and informative article, but really: how did he get in? As I wrote, “This is a typically American approach to a problem: look everywhere but not at what is right in front of you.”

Now we have the answer: he forced his way into the school. Before I heard that, I was pretty sure that was going to be the answer and I thought that would settle the issue. What an idiot I am! Of course it doesn’t settle the issue. It puts the issue into sharp focus for conservatives: the answer is to put armed cops in every school. Check out the Fox News clip at the end of this segment on Up with Chris Hayes:

Let’s look at this proposal on its merits. At best, a cop at this school would have reduced the number of causalities, and it could have increased them. But this is a “last chance” sort of approach the problem. It is the last line of defense to protect our children. But apparently, it is also the first line of defense. Just like after 9/11, these people don’t really want to solve a problem, so much as appear to solve a problem. Because they just don’t want to even consider other lines of defense because some of them might lead to even the smallest limits on gun rights.

What’s more, this “cop on the beat” idea will only work in small spaces. The Clackamas Town Center shooting would not have benefited from a cop—it is just too large a space. But I think this gets to the heart of conservative thinking in this matter. They can only deal with details. This is all about stopping the shooting at schools just like this one. The fact that there have been mass shootings at movie theaters and shopping malls and parking lots doesn’t matter. That is yesterday’s news.

Check out the whole Up with Chris Hayes show. Lots of good information and some positive policy ideas.

Idiot Savant Pete Peterson

Peter George PetersonPeople imagine an idiot savant to be someone like Raymond in Rain Man: a guy who can memorize the location of every card in a deck or tell you how many toothpicks have fallen on the ground. But I think of idiot savants much more broadly. For example, many excellent film directors exhibit an astonishing ignorance about many aspects of the film making process. (Or actors, most of whom seem like they’ve never even visited a film set.) But most telling, businessmen tend to show a shocking lack of understand of anything other than how to make money the way that they make money. Example: a man who is good at real estate investing will likely be very bad at bringing a high tech device to market.

This is important because in our society we assume that a rich man must be smart, especially when he pontificates about economics and finance. If such a man were simply as ignorant as the rest of us, there would be no problem. But he has lots of money to get out his usually ignorant policy ideas. Add on top of this the media’s gullibility about everything a rich man has to say, and well, you have a major problem.

Pete Peterson is perhaps the best example of such a man. David Weigel wrote an article earlier this week, The Failure of Peterson-ism. It is subtitled, “Why Peter Peterson and 20 years of anti-deficit campaigns have barely moved the needle.” I like Weigel a lot, but the article itself doesn’t really deliver. As best as I can tell, he thinks Peterson’s project has failed because it is comprised almost exclusively of a bunch of wealthy businessmen trying to convince the middle class that they don’t like what in fact they like a whole bunch. This is certainly part of the problem.

Matt Yglesias followed up this article with, Pete Peterson’s 1993 Forecast of Japanese Domination. It gets much closer to my thinking on the matter. He notes that Peterson wasn’t just claiming that debt was going to ruin America, but also that by 2003, Europe and especially Japan were going to have greater and rising per person GDP. That didn’t happen. Peterson was wrong about this for the same reason he was wrong about the debt: he believed that government borrowing would crowd out private investment in the economy.

Let me explain this. There is basically one reason that the government shouldn’t borrow too much money: it can take so much money out of available credit sources that private businesses won’t be able to borrow for their own needs. This can happen when the economy is booming. This is why Keynes said that governments should go into debt during recessions but pay down the debt during booms—just as we did in the late 1990s. But even if we did not have this general rule, we would know there is no crowding out going on today because private businesses are sitting on record levels of cash.

What’s more, if there was truly a shortage of cash on loan, interest rates would go up. Interest rates are instead at near record lows. In fact, even though the amount that the government is now borrowing is large, the amount we are paying in interest is also at near record lows. Earlier this week, Matt Yglesias tweeted out the following graph which shows how much we have had to pay in interest on our debt over the years. This is kind of like the “minimum amount due” on your credit card:

Debt Service Time Series

Notice anything interesting about this graph? We are paying half as much money to service the debt as we were 20 years ago when Pete Peterson was telling us that we were going bankrupt.

There are any number of reasons why Peterson has failed to change perceptions about the debt. But the main reason is that Peterson doesn’t care about the debt. He cares about “reforming” entitlement programs. But by “reform” he means “cut.” This isn’t about the budget at all—at least not in a real sense. Peterson just knows that all our problems stem from entitlements and so he wants to cut them.

Over at the Peter G. Peterson Foundation, they write, “Instead of allowing our economy to go over the Fiscal Cliff, or once again avoiding action on our nation’s long-term debt and deficits, leaders should seize this opportunity to pass a comprehensive, bipartisan plan to deal with our long-term structural debt and put America on the path to a stronger economic future.” But going over the Fiscal Cliff would be good for our budget deficit. It would be a huge tax increase. Why isn’t Peterson for it? Because this isn’t about the budget, it is about destroying Social Security and Medicare.

The problem here is not that Peterson’s entitlement monomania is pathological and that it shows a shocking lack of understanding of accounting. The problem is that he is rich, and so people think he knows what he’s talking about. But he doesn’t. He knows a lot about investment banking, but that’s all. He is an idiot savant. Would you take policy advice from Raymond?

Afterword

Another big reason people are disinclined to listen to the supposed deficit hawks is that we balanced the budget before and all we got for it was a huge upper income tax cut, two wars, and billions in corporate welfare for the pharmaceutical industry.