Why Existence?

Why Does the World Exist? Jim HoltWhile preparing my earlier article about Ayn Rand, I came upon the following quote about a talk by uber-Randian Leonard Peikoff. (Actually Peikoff is far more reasonable than Rand.) The article noted that he said Obama was not a socialist but rather an egalitarian nihilist. It then describes this as “the form of Kantianism that gave us non-objective art, quantum mechanics, and progressive education.” So society is going to hell because of “liberal” science like quantum mechanics. See why I call Objectivism a religion? In this case, the writer doesn’t even seem to be an Objectivist—just a conservative. And this drives me crazy: if the loyal opposition is going to dismiss the last 80 years of physics because they have ontological problems with it, we are doomed.

Make no mistake: I am despairing today. And when I despair, I reach out for something I can grab onto—something that I have some control over. So I picked up Jim Holt’s new book, Why Does the World Exist?. It promises to provide me with insight into the only question that really matters, “Why does anything exist rather than nothing?” Actually, although I’d be happy with an answer to that question, I have a more fundamental question: do I exist. This is not as silly a question as you may think, and I’m sure that I will address it in various forms for as long as I “exist.”

Holt starts his book with a cheeky prologue, “A quick proof that there must be something rather than nothing, for modern people who lead busy lives”:

Suppose there were nothing. Then there would be no laws; for laws, after all, are something. If there were no laws, then everything would be permitted. If everything were permitted, then nothing would be forbidden. So if there were nothing, nothing would be forbidden. Thus nothing is self-forbidding.

Therefore, there must be something. QED

I will explain why this proof is invalid by way of explaining what I think about this question. I figure I should get my basic thoughts down before reading the book. That way, I can see how my thinking has changed. So stay tuned!

I have problems with the God debate. Postulating God as the reason for everything simply pushes the problem back one step. It naturally raises the question, “How God?” And this puts believers in the same place as the non-believers: God is self-created or some variation thereof. This is the argument that Lawrence Krauss makes in A Universe From Nothing. But the believers and non-believers alike seem not to understand that they have not answered the question.

If God or the universe[1] just sprang into being, that “nothing” from which it sprang must have had properties (or laws) that allowed it. And that begs the question: how was a nothingness that allowed something created?

In fairness, serious thinkers on both sides understand this problem.[2] But neither have any good answers. They are all basically definitional. On the theological side they define God as some kind of mechanism that allows existence. On the scientific side they define the problem away. (Really, Krauss seems to think that “nothingness is unstable” is something other than an evasion.)

In the end, I think, we are left with a paradox. And so what?! I have no problem with that. We exist and yet we shouldn’t. I think this says a whole lot about how the brain works and a whole nothing about how the universe works. We know via Godel that even some deductive systems can be shown to be incomplete or inconsistent. Is it such a leap to suggest that the universe is the same way? That we are trapped by our perceptions to see problems where none exist?

And that brings us back to Holt’s cheeky proof: it is self-consistent. But everything we know about existence indicates that the universe does not feel obliged to follow Aristotle’s teachings. What’s more, at bottom, the proof is no more helpful than, “I exist therefore something much exist!” Although that is more or less what I believe.

Afterword

I think that humans want to make sense of all things. But a lot of things just don’t make sense. And I think that’s a good thing. The universe would be a sad place if it were explicable. In conclusion: wow!


[1] I don’t mean to confine this discuss to our universe. Think of this as shorthand. I don’t see any reason why a single universe is any more likely than literally an infinity of universes. I say this because our universe seems to be around 14 billion years old. But that can’t be true of existence itself. (Or nonexistence, if you prefer.)

[2] Unfortunately, just about every believer and non-believer you’ve heard of does not fall into this category. I know the non-believers better, so let me name a few: Krauss, Dawkins, Hitchens.

Flipping and Flopping with Harry

Flipping:Filibuster

These two young, fine senators said it was time to change the rules of the Senate, and we didn’t. And they were right. The rest of us were wrong—or most of us, anyway. What a shame… If there were anything that ever needed changing in this body, it’s the filibuster rule, because it’s been abused, abused and abused.

—Harry Reid, May 2012

And Flopping:

I’m not personally, at this stage, ready to get rid of the 60-vote threshold.

—Harry Reid, January 2012
When it mattered

H/T Ezra Klein

Harry Reid Fucks America

Fuck You Harry ReidThe Democrats completely folded on filibuster reform.

I had been figuring that this would be Harry Reid’s last term as a senator. And I was fine with that. He could step aside and allow a younger Democrat to take his seat. But now, I hope that doesn’t happen. I hope that Reid just dies. It doesn’t have to be a violent or painful death. But it wouldn’t hurt.

Last year Reid was screaming about how broken the Senate was. He stated publicly that he regretted not fixing the filibuster when he had the chance. But now he says that he isn’t quite ready to get rid of the 60 vote requirement for renaming a fucking post office! He said, “With the history of the Senate, we have to understand the Senate isn’t and shouldn’t be like the House.” Last time I checked, the Senate wasn’t at all like the House. It is already undemocratic. The 300,000 people in Wyoming get two senators, just like the 36 million people in California.This is inside the Beltway bullshit, pure and simple.

And it is all so frustrating! If Reid wasn’t prepared to go with the constitutional (nuclear) option, he should have negotiated different. If he had pushed for the elimination of the filibuster (Which is what I wanted!) then McConnell might have cut a deal with him to only require the talking filibuster. But instead, he threatened just the talking filibuster. And McConnell effectively said this, “My final offer is this: nothing. Not even the fee for the gaming license, because you are such a pussy, I know I can walk all over you.”

If this sounds familiar, it should: this is the first term Obama school of negotiating with yourself. But this is worse, because Reid didn’t have to negotiate with anyone. The Democrats could have just taken the ridiculously undemocratic Senate and made it just a tad less undemocratic. But no! We can’t do that! Because Reid cares more about setting a bad (i.e. democratic) precident in the Senate than he cares about his constituency or the whole of the United States.

So fuck Harry Reid! Fuck Carl Levin! Fuck the lot of you! This is why the average man on the street votes Republican: he thinks the Democrats are a bunch of pussies. And he is right.

Update (24 January 2013 12:10 pm)

Ezra Klein on this news, “Harry Reid and Mitch McConnell have come to a deal on filibuster reform. The deal is this: the filibuster will not be reformed.”

Armstrong, The Deceiver

This was the Calvin and Hobbes comic posted today.

This is the headline of a “Featured” CNN story that caught my eye this morning: Readers sue, say Armstrong book is a lie. I’d give you the link, but the article is short and stupid so you might as well stay here.

Rob Stutzman doesn’t buy too many books.

But he not only read Lance Armstrong’s bestseller “It’s Not About the Bike” cover to cover, he also recommended it to several friends.

Now, the public affairs consultant from Sacramento, California, wants his money back, and he wants the disgraced cyclist to pony up.

Stutzman is part of a class-action lawsuit against Armstrong and his book publishers accusing them of peddling fiction as fact.

Joining Stutzman is a Sacramento chef and cycling enthusiast, Jonathan Wheeler, who says he too was moved and inspired by the Armstrong book.

The lawsuit, filed this week in federal court in California, also mentions Armstrong’s other book, “Every Second Counts,” and accuses the cyclist and his publishers of fraud and false advertising.

“Throughout the book, Defendant Armstrong repeatedly denies that he ever used banned substances before or during his professional cycling career,” the suit said.

And the pair bought the book “based upon the false belief that they were true and honest works of nonfiction when, in fact, Defendants knew or should have known that these books were works of fiction.”

The suit may just be the tip of the iceberg.

After years of vehemently denying that he used drugs to boost his performance during his record seven Tour de France wins, Armstrong confessed to Oprah Winfrey last week that he lied.

His virtually tearless admission of doping could likely have litigants lining up against him like cyclists at the start of the Tour de France.

Already several are suing or say they will sue.

The new federal lawsuit does not specify how much Stutzman and Wheeler are seeking.

But it does ask for “any statutorily permissible damages, attorneys’ fees, expenses and costs.”

In other words, a lot more than the price of the book.

Stutzman, who is a former deputy chief of staff for former California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, said he was duped into reading Armstrong’s book, drawn in by the cyclist’s compelling life story.

And the lawsuit said he even met Armstrong years before the confession.

“At that time, Stutzman thanked Defandant Armstrong for writing his book and told him it was very inspiring and that he recommended it to friends who were fighting cancer,” the lawsuit said. “In response, Armstrong thanked Stutzman.”

Had they known Armstrong’s accounts were lies, the suit said, they wouldn’t have bought the book, or they’d have enjoyed it less.

They would have enjoyed it less? The inspiration is nullified and any positive effect that a celebrity’s embellished story may have had on their lives doesn’t count? Rob Stutzman and Jonathan Wheeler are perfect examples of Americans’ twisted sense of entitlement and appalling, self-created, and opportunistic victimhood. Their petty greed is surpassed only by their gullible stupidity. No one is always honest. No one is always good. No one gets through life without making a regrettable mistake.

If you look up to someone, do it as an adult, not as a four-year-old. Instead of pretending to be an innocent victim, duped by a celebrity you mistook for an Olympian god, why not grow up and stop being selfish, useless bastards.

The Atlasphere: Rape for Everyone!

Ayn RandLast night on the Colbert Report, I was introduced to The Atlasphere, a dating service for devotees of Ayn Rand’s novels Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead. Colbert did a funny bit about the website. He said, “The Atlasphere is the best place for Randians to find the one they love, other than their bathroom mirror.” But it all focused on the egomaniacal aspect of this group. I admit that this is the most defining aspect of the Rand’s movement. But when it comes to sexuality, it is not.

In both The Fountainhead and Night of January 16th, the hero rapes the heroine. Which begs the question: what sane woman would want to meet a man who loved The Fountainhead. A researcher in abnormal psychology? Somehow I doubt it will be a woman who holds “the values of reason, independence, hard work, and personal integrity.”

Yes, yes, Ayn Rand was a deeply troubled person. And it is her commitment to a bizarre mixture of fascism, anarchism, and Hollywood romanticism that makes her so popular among mostly ignorant aspirants. But like Christians, Randians have to do a lot of work to distinguish between what they like and what they don’t. And that’s just fine. You have to do that with any dogmatic system. (And Objectivism is certainly that!) But that doesn’t mean I’d trust anyone dating on the basis of Rand’s creepy pro-rape writings.

Hilary Clinton 2016!

Hillary ClintonI love this woman! I’ve never thought as highly of Hilary Clinton as I do now, having watched her take on these ridiculous Republicans. As more and more information has come out, the Republican position on Benghazi has become so narrow that it could fit through the eye of a needle. And Clinton calls Ron Johnson on this bullshit. He asks, “Do you disagree with me that a simple phone call to those evacuees to determine what happened wouldn’t have ascertained immediately that there was no protest?” That is a classic “Monday morning quarterback” question. Clearly, the State Department had more important things to think about other than, “Gee, I wonder what we should say on TV?”

Basically, the Republicans have reduced this entire “controversy” down to, “You gave incorrect information on the Sunday morning talk shows!” So all of the other aspects of the murder of four government employees doesn’t matter. All that matters is that the Republicans are angry that the one remaining thread they have—misinformation reported on Meet the Press—is what is most important. These Republicans think that it is more urgent to get to the bottom of what they consider the treasonous act of misreporting something on Fox News Sunday, than to properly fund the State Department going forward.

So you had a clear contrast: Clinton hammering the House for not dealing with the needs of State versus the Republicans hammering the “controversy” of giving George Stephanopoulos the wrong idea for a day or two. I’ll leave it to you to decide who looked presidential and who looked like a fucking idiot.

If you haven’t seen this exchange between Clinton and Johnson, you owe it to yourself to watch it. It is fantastic!

Hilary Clinton 2016! I’m signing up now!

Ryan Budget is Back

Paul Ryan - Reagan 2.0The Republican leadership seem to have listened to Obama’s claim that they mustn’t crash the economy because, you know, we have to pay our bills. The budget is the time to cut costs, not afterwards when the bills come due. As a result of this realization (or at least the realization of the bad political optics of it) they are now claiming that they will tie the Debt Ceiling raise to a plan to balance the budget in ten years.

Before we get to this plan, let’s take a moment to step back and marvel at the ridiculousness of this bit of political theater. They want to be seen as Very Serious. But first and foremost, debt is not a problem—at least not now and not until the economy is doing a lot better. Even if it were, this congress can only budget for this congress. As we learned all too well during the first years of the Bush Jr administration: fiscal restraint from one administration can easily turn into fiscal recklessness from the next.

Paul Ryan’s Budget: a Primer

Now let’s talk about that budget. Let’s talk about Paul Ryan. You see, John Boehner has turned to him to come up with this budget balancing plan. And that, my friends, is high-larious. Paul Ryan was not even able to balance the budget over 30 years. He certainly won’t be able to do it in ten!

I know there was a lot of reporting on the Ryan Plan and how it balanced the budget. But it was all done with fairy dust. Here’s his plan in about as much detail as he provided:

  1. Cut income tax rates (Very specific!)
  2. Cut deductions (Vague!)
  3. Stimulate the economy (Fairy dust!)
  4. Cut spending (Vague!)

Now I understand that Paul Ryan is a follower of Ayn Rand. And that means he understands important Randian concepts like: X = X. But we normally expect a bit more rigor from our budgets. Ryan’s entire plan comes down to this: “I will balance the budget by cutting spending and stimulating the economy.” And if you’ve ever seen a budget, you know it doesn’t look like that. What Paul Ryan has proposed is a statement of purpose. The problem is that we know for the last 30 years, all Republicans have wanted to do that. We are still waiting for the details.

But even a plan this vague can be shown for the nonsense it is. Total taxes are going to remain the same. Under most circumstances, this would have no effect on the economy. But not in this case! As we saw with Romney’s tax plan, this one can’t help but lower taxes at the top and increase them in the middle. So the people who already have more money than they know what to do with (Why else do you think they are paying the government to hold their money?) will have even more. Meanwhile, people who generally spend all of their money will have less. Thus, Ryan’s tax changes will hurt the economy.

But wait, there’s more! Cutting government spending will also hurt the economy. (Just ask people living in the United Kingdom!) So Ryan’s great idea will cause the economy to tank. And thus there will be less tax revenue. And this will mean that all of his unspecified spending cuts will be partially offset. And thus, he will need even more savage spending cuts. But don’t worry! It is certainly the case than in 20 or 30 or 40 years, the economy will recover.

What They’re All Saying

Political watchers are no more impressed than I am. Jonathan Chait notes that the only way that Ryan could make his budget work is to cut about 90% out of our spending on the poor and sick. But he puts his general thoughts very poetically:

Paul Ryan’s budget, even while employing all sorts of fanciful projections, didn’t balance the budget until 2040.Why? Because the parameters Republicans have picked for the budget make balancing the budget utterly impossible. Moving that timetable up by seventeen years changes the plausibility level from Level: Unicorn to Level: Unicorn Being Ridden By Santa Claus Who Has Lost 50 Pounds Through One Weird Trick.

Matt Yglesias questions the very idea of balancing the budget. He gets to the heart of what I was talking about this morning, The End of History. Can it possibly be that we are at exactly the right amount of taxation? Mostly, he’s just poking them to note that they have no reasons for their position on the budget. They just “feel” that certain numbers are right.

But mostly everyone else is still focused on Paul Ryan’s problem yesterday: his claim that he never said that people on Social Security and Medicare were “takers” (or the more common Randian term “moochers”). Mother Jones provided this video to jog his memory:

Update (23 January 2013 5:16 pm)

Ezra Klein has a great article that shows just how much of a charlatan Paul Ryan is, What Happened When I Asked Paul Ryan Why He Hates Taxes. It is very much worth reading.

Boehner’s Weakness is America’s Strength

John BoehnerJust for the record, John Boehner is still a very weak Speaker of the House. The House of Representatives voted to suspend the Debt Ceiling through 18 May. This in itself is a chickshit move. Boehner had decided that he didn’t need to make his caucus have to vote to raise the Debt Ceiling; instead, he would just have them ignore it for a while. Why not just “ignore” it forever? And I’m sure that a lot of people in the next set of Republican primaries will ask that very question.

But what makes Boehner look weak is that yet again, he could not get legislation passed without the help of the Democrats. Only 199 Republicans voted for the bill that required at least 230. And this was with the ridiculous unconstitutional[1] “sweetener” of saying the congress doesn’t get paid if it doesn’t pass a budget. The truth is that it is clear that he can’t control his caucus. But the bill did at least fulfill the Hastert Rule, so Boehner has to be pleased about that.

I think we should all be pleased about this vote, however. It shows a willingness on the part of the Republican leadership to work with the Democrats. If Pelosi had whipped the Democratic caucus, Boehner’s bill would have likely gone down in defeat. Boehner had to be a little uneasy about bring the bill up for a vote. And more important: he must have brought it to the floor because he thought that the Democrats would work with him. This doesn’t mean that it will work the other way around, but it is some movement in the right direction. Boehner is using his weakness for good rather than evil.


[1] The 27th Amendment is really clear, “No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.”

The End of History

End of HistoryLast night on The Last Word, Lawrence O’Donnell presented a rewrite where he attacked conservatives—Bill O’Reilly in particular—about the one thing that makes them conservatives. The clip is below and it is worth watching. He says that conservatives always think that however things are, that is how they should be. So when there was slavery, well, that is how it should be. How could anyone have improved on the life of America in 1860? And similarly today, it is right and fitting for fifty million Americans to go without healthcare and for most of the rest to be one illness away from medical bankruptcy.

This is what I call “the end of history.” It is the belief that all of history was leading up to the present. We aren’t going somewhere, we have arrived. And for those in power, I guess the case can be made. But for the rest of us? I don’t think we only need tinkering around the edges. In particular, I’m thinking more and more that all markets are turning into winner-take-all. These are markets where those at the top make ridiculous amounts of money, while all the rest barely get by. Think: violin players. We effectively have the same sort of thing going on with other areas that should not be winner-take-all markets. For example, high tech has become a place where big companies use government policy to stifle small companies.

This is why we must not allow conservatives to claim that they are for free markets. They are for anything but. The only time they are for “free markets” is when it helps powerful installed interests. Take for example, “free trade” agreements. These are agreements to allow free trade in, say, tomatoes. But they don’t allow free trade in medicine, law, teaching, or anything else that would hurt American elites but help American poor. So it is critical to see conservatism for what it is and not for what it claims to be.

It is very easy to see how shortsighted conservatism is. Just look at conservatives of the past. Whenever conservatives hearken back to great minds, they always go to Edmund Burke. It is too dangerous to use any more recent conservatives. This is because it is all too clear that the basis of their thinking was racism, sexism, homophobia, and elitism. Whenever a conservative talks about William F. Buckley, they are careful to whitewash his extremely troubling early writings that are explicitly white supremacist. (Buckley spent much of his later career trying to backtrack on this.) Here’s a prediction for you: in 20 years, all conservatives will accept Obamacare as God given, but they will denounce any idea of a single payer system.

I can’t say for sure whether conservatives really believe that we’ve reached the end of history. It may just be rhetoric that they’ve created to justify the far less compelling argument that those who are down should be kept down and those who are up should be kept up. But given that American conservatism has always embraced the idea of opportunity, it probably is that they believe this end of history nonsense. And that makes them the kings of cognitive dissonance. They must know that their thinking of not long ago is now repugnant. And they must know (or have actively avoided finding out) that America does not provide “equality of opportunity.”

Regardless, we must push ever forward the truth about what conservatives believe. They are the party of the American aristocracy. Forget free markets. Forget religious liberty. Remember: the end of history.

About Jonathan Bernstein

[Jonathan Bernstein writes for various parts of the Washington Post. But his name always links to Robert Samuelson’s page, and regular readers will know that we don’t much care for Mr. Samuelson. But we do care for Mr. Bernstein, so we’ve decided to make an “About Jonathan Bernstein” page for him. Including an image! -Ed]

Jonathan BernsteinJonathan Bernstein does not write a weekly economics column that usually runs in the Washington Post on Mondays. That would be Robert Samuelson. You can be forgiven for thinking it otherwise. Bernstein writes other stuff. But he was most likely never a columnist for Newsweek magazine from 1984 to 2011. But Robert Samuelson was. It’s hard to say exactly what Bernstein was doing before he came to the Post; have you ever searched for “Jonathan Bernstein”? There are at least 26 people on Twitter named Jonathan Bernstein! [It would be totally cool if he changed his name to Jonomatopoeia Bernstein. -Ed]

He began his journalism career somewhere else. It probably wasn’t where Robert Samuelson started, as a reporter on the Washington Post business desk, from 1969 to 1973. In fact, it is quite likely that Bernstein wasn’t even alive in 1973! Bernstein most definitely is not the author of The Great Inflation and Its Aftermath: The Past and Future of American Affluence (2008) or The Good Life and Its Discontents (1995). He grew up somewhere, perhaps even in White Plains, NY like Robert Samuelson.

Unfortunately, I can’t find Robert Samuelson’s email address, because I’m sure he could forward any email to Jonathan Bernstein. They are thought to be close; they even share the same web page.

Guns and Fetuses

Guns and FetusesThis morning, Jamelle Bouie at The Plum Line blog wrote, GOP Isolated on Abortion, Too. It notes that overall, Republican voters are pro-choice, but the party is aggressively anti-choice. The newest NBC/Wall Street Journal poll (PDF) shows that 70% of the nation support upholding Roe vs. Wade. In all, 89% of Americans believe that abortion should be legal in at least some circumstances. (But read my article about people who believe in “exceptions,” On Hating Women.)

So what’s going on here? Democratic voters overwhelmingly support abortion rights. Republican voters support them, but are more divided. Why is the Republican Party so out of touch with their own voters?

You could ask the same question of the Republicans about guns. The vast majority of Republican voters are for universal background checks. The vast majority of NRA members are for universal background checks. But the Republican Party and the NRA itself? Not so much.

Bouie thinks what is really going on is that the Republican base is keeping their elected officials more conservative than the Republican voters as a whole. There is much to this, but I don’t think it is the heart of the matter. The majority of voters can be easily manipulated. So it is one thing for people to calmly be asked if they think women should be allowed the right to abortion. It is quite another to ask them if they want to vote for that guy who is in favor of killing babies! The same goes for guns: there is a big difference between universal background checks and, Obama is taking your guns away!

In the halls of Congress, the Republican constituency is not really the people who voted for them. (And yes, the same thing can be said to a lesser degree about the Democrats.) Their real constituency is big business. So the Republicans get the prols to vote on guns and fetuses. And understand: these people get a return on their investments—just look at the Supreme Court! But to the Republican elite, this doesn’t matter except that it allows them to stay in power. They’re primary concern is to continue to funnel welfare checks to the richest people in the country.

Afterword

Whitecat over at the Denver Post put this up:

If women had assault rifles