About Frank Moraes

Frank Moraes is a freelance writer and editor online and in print. He is educated as a scientist with a PhD in Atmospheric Physics. He has worked in climate science, remote sensing, throughout the computer industry, and as a college physics instructor. Find out more at About Frank Moraes.

Matt Continetti and the Conservative Id

Matt ContinettiEd Kilgore brought my attention to a rant by Matt Continetti in the Washington Free Beacon, Dialing It In. Basically, Continetti is upset that President Obama is continuing to have a good time and not spending all his time wringing his hands about all the fake scandals that Fox News and idiot writers at the Washington Free Beacon are obsessed with. It’s really quite a silly article.

This is especially true, when you consider that this is almost a journalistic genre. Around the same time in Ronald Reagan’s presidency, Richard Restak wrote an OpEd arguing that Reagan wasn’t suffering from senility, “[I]f the president can be faulted for his mental performance, it is entirely likely that the flaw results not from dementia but from laziness.” And note, this was when Reagan was embroiled in a very real scandal: the arms-for-hostages deal with Iran. But what’s a journalist to do? You write the same stuff over and over because these websites aren’t going fill themselves!

What struck me was Continetti’s imagination of what the president talks to his liberal friends about at these cocktail parties that he goes to rather than dealing with the fact that Susan Rice said something that turned out to be wrong on some Sunday news shows. Get ready for the unleashing of the conservative id:

Does it take a few drinks to get things going? I imagine that there is plenty of hesitant and anodyne talk about children, about movies, about basketball, about the weather. When the discussion turns to domestic or foreign affairs, though, the cliches must be stifling: how can the Republicans be so obstructionist and rude and Luddite, what happened to the nice moderate conservatives they used to have in the Eisenhower and George HW Bush administrations, have you seen the latest essays by Ezra Klein and Michael Tomasky and Ta-Nehisi Coates, who cares what the media says, EJ Dionne says you are doing A-OK, what’s it like to hold the nuclear football, have you been to Eric Ripert’s newest restaurant, weren’t the Afghan and Iraq wars terrible mistakes, people have got to recognize America can’t go its own way in today’s integrated, global, flat world, the Wire is Shakespearean, what are you going to do about the polar bears, we need to appreciate the value of other cultures, America doesn’t have such a clean record itself you know, my son just took a job in Dubai, wasn’t Sheryl Sandberg brilliant in her City Colleges of Chicago commencement speech, let’s touch base on the new youth outreach project Mark Zuckerberg is standing up, do you watch Mad Men, politics is a relay race and we just have to keep going until we hand the baton to the next person, where do you come up with all of those beautiful words, we leave for Beijing next week, Putin doesn’t understand how we do things in the twenty-first century, God that Bibi is so unreasonable, who are your favorite authors, it’s time for a real conversation about race, is Homeland like real life, this is the sushi place to go to in Los Angeles, you are a real role model for young men not only in this country but all around the world, I watch House of Cards but my wife prefers Orange is the New Black.

Let’s leave aside the stupid political talking points. I know that both Democrats and Republicans do that kind of thing when they are together. The focus here isn’t on politics. It is on cultural signifiers. Eric Ripert and the litany of television shows that appeal not to liberals but to urbanites. Continetti is doing the regular guy conservative rap, but in reverse. Instead of “I’m into fast cars, guns, and big boobs” he gives us “They’re into Volvos, lattes, and sushi.” How does he know they talk about The Wire and Mad Men and Homeland and House of Cards and Orange is the New Black? Because all his friends are into them. After all, he’s the Columbia University graduate who has worked for The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times, and The Financial Times. I’m sure he watches those shows. I’ve only seen a single episode of House of Cards and none of the other shows. I’m sure he has eaten at one or more of Eric Ripert’s restaurant. I’d never heard of him before. How can it be that he is the real American and I’m the America-hating liberal?

That’s the thing about conservatives: they are elitists. The majority of the rich vote Republican except in California and New York. They drive more Volvos, drink more lattes, and eat more sushi. A big part of their appeal to poor is this kind of social identification, even though it isn’t true. And someone as smart as Continetti knows this. But he’s more than willing to spew this nonsense to other conservative elites at the Washington Free Beacon, which I assure you is not read by blue collar workers in Mississippi.

Notice also the implication that Obama is out of touch. This is coming from a political movement that when it isn’t talking about keeping women pregnant and barefoot in the kitchen, is only interested in how much more money can be given to the rich. But no, it is Obama who is only listening to Ezra Klein and Michael Tomasky and Ta-Nehisi Coates and EJ Dionne—all men who have been rather critical of the president. But again, these are urbane intellectuals, and the point is to associate Obama with the not-real America—with that place that Sarah Palin does not represent.

This is what we get from a fairly serious conservative journalist. And it highlights what I wrote about last week, Hopeless Search for Honest Conservative. Because Matt Continetti is smart—there is no doubt of that. But he is not honest. He knows exactly what he’s doing. And it is indicative of the total vacuousness of conservative intellectual thought. They have nothing but made up scandals and claims that Democrats are out of touch because they watch the same television shows the Republicans do.

Bernard Frouchtben at the Antiques Roadshow

Antiques RoadshowThe Antiques Roadshow is an interesting operation. They stagger the people going to it and there is an enormous army of people who come. It really is nothing more than a place that people can come to get instant appraisals of work. If there is anything particularly interesting, they take you to their little studio and film it for the show. We were there primarily to get an appraisal on a painting by Bernard Frouchtben that we have had in the family for the past 15 years. Over the past 5 years, I’ve been trying to find out as much as I could about this fascinating painter. And I do know rather a lot about him, so I wasn’t expecting to learn anything new about him—except for one thing: if any of his paintings had sold at auction.

I was right to expect this information, because the experts at the Antiques Roadshow pretty much only have that in their arsenal of weapons. So the expert that I spoke to informed me that none of his work had been auctioned. She could not “find him in the database.” That was unfortunate, because I really did think that over the years a least some of his work would have found its way onto the market. But the appraiser’s attitude I’m afraid is very typical of the art market in general. Paintings are worth what they’ve sold for. Had there been just two or three rich art collectors in the past who recognized Frouchtben’s brilliance, he might be worth millions now.

The appraiser did provide some other information. She noted that if the painting had been taken care of, it would now be worth at least a couple of thousand dollars—in fact, she claimed that she would buy it right then if it were in that condition. As it was, it might sell for a couple of hundred. That’s interesting, but I don’t personally care about what people would pay for the work. It doesn’t belong to me anyway—it is my father’s painting. (Not that I would mind him becoming a millionaire art collector!) But she said that the damage was so severe that a restoration would change the painting. It would be a collaboration between Frouchtben and the restorer. That was stinging, although hardly surprising because I had wondered before how one could really restore it given that it has very large gaps, especially in the rendering of the focus of the painting: the World War I soldier on top of a giant bird (hawk?) on top of the capital building.

What I would now like to do is have the painting cleaned and remounted. Even with all its damage, it is a very compelling painting. I would love to have it on the wall to look at. I think that is what Frouchtben deserves. And I keep coming back to something that John Fabian Kienitz wrote about him, “He has rare ability… He is a man worth saving.” Indeed he is.

And my fascination with him goes right along with what I admire so much in other works of art—from literature to music to painting. I love things that people create that could only be created by them. To me, Frouchtben is like Herman Melville. If it wasn’t for a fluke, Melville would today be considered a minor 19th century American writer. Moby-Dick was rightly ignored when it was first published; it is too idiosyncratic. The same could be said for Don Quixote, except that Cervantes was such a funny writer. All three men created works that were deeply personal, but Frouchtben got the usual treatment: few cared. But I still hold out the hope that this will not always be true. And there is precedent: a number of painters were ignored or dismissed for hundreds of years before people noticed that they were great.

From here, I plan to contact museums and galleries all over the nation (especially in the northeast) and find out if they have any Bernard Frouchtben. It would be nice to at least write a magazine article about the man and get some more examples of his work. I would love for the world to know about this man. But if I am very honest, I will admit that my ultimate goal is for myself to know more about this great artist. And all the time and effort of going to the Antiques Roadshow was a small price to pay to get just a little more information about the man and his work—even if it is mostly a null result.

Afterword

For those interested in the financial side of things. The expert said it would probably cost about $2,500 to properly restore it. But because of the extensiveness of the restoration and how it would in large part harm Frouchtben’s work, it would only be worth about $1,000. That is why I would like to do only what can be done to make what remains the best that it can be. But even that is going to cost more than the painting would probably sell for. But I still think it is worth it.

The Progression of Paul Gauguin

Paul GauguinOn this day in 1848, the great painter Paul Gauguin was born. As a human being, he was troubled. It isn’t surprising that he was close to Vincent van Gogh. So I think we can look past the fact that he lived a questionable life, most especially in Tahiti. But let me just yield the point that Gauguin was probably a horrible human being. Now we can get onto his art.

It is interesting to compare Gauguin with van Gogh. This goes back to something I talk about a lot: the eclectic and non-eclectic artists. There are great artists who have a singular vision that they do variations on. It seems that van Gogh could only paint in that one way that he did. And as an expression of himself, there is great value in his work. But really, a little van Gogh goes a long way. Gauguin was of the eclectic variety of artist. He did amazingly varied work, which should put an end to any thought that his primitive period was anything but exactly what he was trying to do.

Here is his painting from 1879, The Market Gardens of Vaugirard, which strikes me as rather like Pissarro:

The Market Gardens of Vaugirard - Paul Gauguin

And then here is his painting from 1903, Landscape on La Dominique, which strikes me as rather like no one else:

Landscape on la Dominique - Paul Gauguin

Happy birthday Paul Gauguin!

Out of the Office

Just a quick note to tell you that I’m going to be gone all day tomorrow. I am off to the Antiques Roadshow, where I am most definitely not looking forward to standing in line most of the day. But it is a good opportunity.

There will, of course, be a birthday post in the morning. I know that, because I’ve already written it. I don’t expect to be back until very late, given that the show tomorrow is a two hour drive away. So I wouldn’t expect anything other than the birthday post tomorrow.

Normally, I would write a few other articles for tomorrow, but I’m much too busy with other things and I have to get up way too early. But if you get really bored, you know there are almost 4,000 articles on this site. Over 300 just on film. Another 100 on music. Roughly 150 on books and such. Over 2,000 on politics. And much else! Even I don’t know what I’ve written about. So dig in while I stand in line at the Antiques Roadshow.

Update 6 June 2014 (8:23 pm)

Wow, I wish I had more time to write. There are some great stories that I’d love to talk about. I assume this is about our out of control Drug War, Ex-Brooklyn DA Accused of Funneling a Whole Lot of Money to Political Consultant. And this is delicious and I actually have a lot to say about it, Sarah Palin Advises Bowe Bergdahl to Buy Rosetta Stone, Learn to Speak “KickAss.” Briefly: Palin has this typical conservative view that the way to win wars is to simply kill every person. I’ve heard this statement so many times, “They wouldn’t let us win the Vietnam War.” Yeah, I know. We could have “won” the war by dropping a hundred nukes on the country. That’s not the purpose of war. It’s sickening that people like Palin (And many more) think that it is.

David Brooks: Obama Was Right—Except

David BrooksNormally, I just pass by articles by David Brooks, because really, what is the point? But this one was pure click bait with the title, President Obama Was Right. It was, of course, about Sgt Bowe Bergdahl. And the middle of it is really quite good. It is an excellent example of why most liberals give Brooks way too much credit for being reasonable. He points out what almost no other Republican will: we are in a war with the Taliban—they are not terrorists; swapping troops is what we do, even when the troops are dead; it is not true that the deal makes Americans less safe. But he errors at the beginning and then especially the end of his column.

At the beginning, he talks about how all of the ostentatious acts of patriotism are necessary in this country because we are so diverse. Well, I guess the case can be made. But this is not what I think is going on. I think these acts of patriotism are part of divisiveness. I think it is mostly conservatives trying to make the case that they are the real Americans and we liberals are just America-hating interlopers. There are a few reasons I think this. One is how conservatives generally go apoplectic at the thought of taking out “under God” from the Pledge of Allegiance. Another is all the confederate flags I saw when I went to a NASCAR race. Another is how the people who think themselves most patriotic—the Cliven Bundy militia types—clearly hate the actual America and are only patriotic to some mythical America that seems mostly to involve keeping blacks in their place.

Bowe BergdahlBut most of all, I hate these ostentatious acts of patriotism because they remind me of Gertrude in Hamlet saying, “The lady doth protest too much, methinks.” I don’t think that the British find such displays embarrassing and avoid them in their own country because they are one people. I think they are just a lot more secure that they all stand together. Maybe it’s because of World War II. We haven’t really had a war here in the United States against another country for about 200 years. Regardless, all the chanting of “We’re number one!” just makes me think these people secretly fear that we aren’t. Personally, I think my kind of patriotism where I think we are and are not number one is the best. This is home, and I do love it—for good and bad. I don’t think all the flag waving proves people love the country and it certainly isn’t what binds us together. (Note: some of the biggest flag wavers want to secede from the union.)

Brooks started his column talking about this, so he could then complain that President Obama should have used the Bergdahl deal to bring the country together:

Most of all, the Obama administration can be faulted for not at least trying to use the language of communal solidarity to explain this decision. Apparently, we have become such a hyperindividualized culture that it is impossible to even develop an extended argument on how individual cases fit into the larger fabric of the common good.

Really Brooks?! Because I think that’s exactly what he did. He said, “We still get an American soldier back if he’s held in captivity—period—full stop.” I don’t see much television, and yet I’ve seen this a dozen times:

What is Brooks getting at? That the president should have held a press conference and laid it out, “To start with, we are one country. And the army is part of that country. So all together, the civilians and the army are one country. We are one. We have to stick together. Because, as I said, we are one. United we stand. Am I right?! So we had to get this prisoner of war—who is one of us—back from the enemy. Now you may have heard some things about this guy that you don’t like. Well, we have a couple of traditions David Brooksin this country. One is that you are allowed to think what you want. Another is that you are innocent until proven guilty. So just to summarize: we are one; Bergdahl is one of us; we got it back; God bless America!”

Is that what Brooks wanted? Does Brooks think that this would have made even the smallest change in the Republican reaction to the prisoner transfer? Of course not! This was just Brooks doing what all Republicans always do: he was complaining about Obama no matter what he does or says. But I will give Brooks credit for understanding that the Bergdahl deal is (1) a prisoner swap and (2) uncontroversial.

Maybe next week, Brooks can write a column about how Obama is right to love his kids, but that he really ought to be using that love to convince the Republican House to pass the Dream Act.

Bernard Frouchtben’s War Painting

Bernard FrouchtbenMy father is a construction contractor, but not the kind you probably think of when you hear the term. He actually built houses and small apartment buildings all alone, except for subcontractors for plumbing and electrical as well as the occasional helper (including me). And during a remodel of a very expensive house 15 years ago, the owner gave him a painting that had been sitting out in her carport. I don’t know why she gave it to my father other than that she didn’t want it. Maybe she thought he would like it because it does have to do with war and my father did fight in the Korean War. But my father took it and kept it in much better shape than the original owner had.

About five years ago, I discovered the painting and it fascinated me. It was so different from anything I had ever seen. I have even coined a term for it: idiosyncratic art. Artists can do a lot of things for us art lovers, but by far, the greatest thing they can do is provide us with an image of who they are. I would say that this is true of some of my favorite writers like William Burroughs and Cervantes. And that seems to be the case with the creator of this painting, Bernard Frouchtben.

There is not a lot of information around about Frouchtben, but all of it is quite positive for reasons that you will see. He was an amateur, listed as a cabinet maker, which is interesting given my father’s background. But he was part of what became something of a movement in the middle of the 20th century: self-taught art. Now it is usually referred to as American Primitive, mostly because of the huge success of Anna “Grandma” Moses, whose work is rightly celebrated for its charm. But I think there is something missing from her work: depth. It’s pleasant, but that’s all. It reminds me very much of amateur painting that was done around the time of the Revolutionary War. I think see deserves her reputation, but it bothers me that almost no one remembers Frouchtben whose work is so much more edifying.

Last month, I wrote an article about him, A Brief Intro to Bernard Frouchtben. In it, I presented a black and white copy of what is probably his most famous painting, Lonely Man on a Lonely Road. Here it is again:

Lonely Man on a Lonely Road

According to Sidney Janis in They Taught Themselves, “The mottled, light-filled, grey blue clouds descend to the horizon where the color deepens to blue, and, merging with the greens of the distant landscape, filters through the maze of trees in peacock colors.” I would love to see the painting in color! But I don’t think it would take away from the lonely feel of the painting.

Florence and Julius Laffal in American Self-Taught Art, described Frouchtben as, “Personal loss may have led him to painting. His style was representational, expressionistic. The artist’s subjects were daily life, history, nature, sadness, people.” John Fabian Kienitz noted in a review of Janis’ book, “In the case of Bernard Frouchtben, the ego appears worth knowing. Here is a man whose later background is one of tragic circumstance. He has rare ability. He is able to transfer his deep personal sorrow to words and oil with graphic and pictorial directness. Frouchtben is the sort of man for whom van Gogh painted his philosophy of beauty as healing force. He is a man worth saving. And it is in his calling our attention to such lost souls that Mr Janis makes his contribution to the literature of contemporary art.”

I am very interested in that sentence, “He is a man worth saving.” Because the painting my father has was so mistreated that it was very nearly lost. And it is in terrible condition now. Part of the canvas is torn and parts of the paint have cracked badly. Apparently, it can be restored properly to its original glory. Even a proper cleaning would show it to be a far more striking piece than it is now. But here it is, which I think provides perhaps a quarter of what you can get out of seeing the painting in person. And that in turn is at most a quarter of what it was originally. It is sad, but it is also a wonderful work of art, even in its current condition:

Bernard Frouchtben - War Painting

Tomorrow we go to the Antiques Roadshow. I’m not all that hopeful that anyone there will be able to tell me anything new about the painting or the artist. I give it a 20% chance. But you never know. Regardless, I will report on the experience here. We are taking three other interesting pieces: two paintings and a great pen and ink drawing by a somewhat famous artist. But it is Frouchtben that I most care about.

Ada Rehan, Shaw, and Shakespeare

Ada RehanLast night, I read a review of a production of As You Like It in 1897. It was written by George Bernard Shaw and the focus was on Ada Rehan in the part of Rosalind. He’s very fond her. I would even go so far as to say that he might have a bit of a crush on her. But much of the review is about how he doesn’t actually know if she can act. And the reason he doesn’t know if she can act is that he always sees her in the same part, just with a character of a different name in a different play.

He wrote of Rehan, “I must live in hope that some day she will come to the West End of London for a week or two, just as Rejane and Sarah Bernhardt do, with some work of sufficient novelty and importance to make good the provincial wear and tear of her artistic prestige.” This rather reminds me of William Goldman’s contention that the only thing that matters in a screenplay is structure. And before film, I think that was largely true of the theater. Thankfully today, the theater is more likely to produce actual interesting characters.

One of my biggest complaints about the way people idolize Shakespeare is that they will gush about the great characters that he created. To this, I always respond, “And what characters would those be? I would certainly like to know.” Yeah, in some of the tragedies there are some characters that begin to be something other than standard parts going back to the ancient Greeks. But in the comedies? Come now!

Shaw loved Shakespeare (As do I!) but he wasn’t blind his many weaknesses. In his discussion of Rehan, he wrote:

But when I think of those plays in which our William anticipated modern dramatic art by making serious attempts to hold the mirror up to nature—All’s Well, Measure for Measure, Troilus and Cressida and so on—I must limit the tribute to Shakespeare’s popular style. Rosalind is not a complete human being: she is simply an extension into five acts of the most affectionate, fortunate, delightful five minutes in the life of a charming woman. And all the other figures in the play are cognate impostures. Orlando, Adam, Jacques, Touchstone, the banished Duke and the rest play each the same tune all through. This is not human nature or dramatic character: it is juvenile lead, first old man, heavy lead, heavy father, principal comedian and leading lady, transfigured by magical word-music. The Shakespearolators who are taken in by it do not know drama in the classical sense from “drama” in the technical Adelphi sense. You have only to compare Orlando and Rosalind [As You Like It] with Bertram and Helena [All’s Well That Ends Well], the Duke and Touchstone [As You Like It again] with Leontes and Autolycus [The Winter’s Tale], to learn the difference from Shakespeare himself. Therefore I cannot judge from Miss Rehan’s enchanting Rosalind whether she is a great Shakespearean actress or not: there is even a sense in which I cannot tell whether she can act at all or not.

Yesterday, I was listening to an interview with Stephen Sondheim about Sweeney Todd, and he talked about how for over a hundred years, the title character was just this evil man. It wasn’t until 1970 when the British playwright Christopher Bond took the character and provided him with motivation. In other words, he turned it into a revenge play. The revenge play was around in Shakespeare’s time, of course. That’s what Titus Andronicus is, after all. But Shakespeare’s plays do an especially bad job of providing motivation for female characters, who are basically just four types: passive youth, quick witted youth, whore, and old hag. And as much as I love the dialog that Shakespeare wrote for Beatrice, once in love, she is not much different than Hero.

Above all, I hate the idea of Shakespeare as theatrical or literary broccoli. My impression is that most people who claim to like Shakespeare don’t appreciate it enough to much enjoy it. And fundamentally, we keep seeing the plays and movies because the performers love them. And it is true now if it wasn’t in Shaw’s time: actors commonly turn standard parts into something much greater. Certainly, Kenneth Branagh did that for Iago in Othello. But even Ian McKellen couldn’t overcome the Snidely Whiplash depth of his character in Richard III. It’s all still very much enjoyable. But great and edifying? Rarely.

Nathan Hale’s One Life

Nathan HaleYou may remember back a couple of years that Eric Cantor celebrated Labor Day by tweeting out, “Today, we celebrate those who have taken a risk, worked hard, built a business and earned their own success.” It really was a shocking thing, but it tells you everything you need to know about the modern Republican Party: they just hate workers. They are the royalist party, if you will. John Adams would be so pleased. Bearing this in mind, it is Cantor’s birthday, so let me just say: today, we celebrate those who have taken an intellectual risk, worked hard, did something important with their lives, and earned their own success rather than being born into the upper class like Eric Cantor.

On this day in 1755, the American soldier and spy Nathan Hale was born. In September of 1776, shortly after the Continental Congress finally got around to declaring war, Hale volunteered to go into New York, behind enemy lines to find out what the Brits were up to. Within a week, he was captured by the British because someone ratted him out. I’m most fond of the story of him being tricked by a British soldier into revealing himself. Hale was, after all, only 21. And one of the hardest lessons that I learned in life is that you really can’t trust people who you don’t have a very long history with. People will use the smallest advantage against you; and sometimes they will harm you when it does them no good at all. So it’s a cautionary tell, young readers: a week after his capture, Hale was hanged by the British.

He is best remembered for his comportment before his hanging. It is now widely claimed that he said, “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.” A British officer wrote at the time, “He behaved with great composure and resolution, saying he thought it the duty of every good Officer, to obey any orders given him by his Commander-in-Chief; and desired the Spectators to be at all times prepared to meet death in whatever shape it might appear.” That is interesting, given that his assignment was not an order; he volunteered for the job.

But there is something I don’t especially like about that comment: the idea that any order ought to be obeyed. It’s not surprising that the Nazis used this same excuse for many of the terrible things that they did. But the truth is that this is more or less what all soldiers are expected to do. I know they are now given certain exceptions that they shouldn’t commit war crimes and such, but none of that would stop them from being court-martialed for not following orders. Chelsea Manning, famously tried to work inside the military system and was ignored. And now she is doing 35 years in prison.

It has been suggested that Hale actually quoted Joseph Addison’s play, Cato:

How beautiful is death, when earn’d by virtue!
Who would not be that youth? What pity is it
That we can die but once to serve our country.

That strikes me as very much like Horace, “Dulce et decorum est propatria mori.” Still, I’m not going to fault any young man who goes to his death with such dignity. Even if his death was, as a practical matter, pointless.

Happy birthday Nathan Hale!

It Puts the Skin on the Book

SkinIt rubs the lotion on its skin or else it gets the hose again.

I don’t want to write this article. But I think I have to say something. You may remember the movie The Silence of the Lambs. In it, a serial killer by the name of “Buffalo Bill” is skinning women, trying to make his own suit of skin. The best thing about the movie is that the actor who played Buffalo Bill went on to play Captain Leland Stottlemeyer on Monk. Otherwise, I don’t know. To be honest, I don’t think fiction about serial killers is ever very good. It is always filled with the most unbelievable police work. Real serial killers are much more interesting. But I’m getting side tracked. So this serial killer was sewing himself a skin suit, which is at least totally creepy.

That brings us to yesterday, when Alexis Madrigal informed me that, Science Confirms: Yup, This Book Really Is Bound in Human Skin. Not that I am implying anything about Madrigal, but this is not the first time he’s written on the subject; two months ago, he wrote, It Was Once “Somewhat Common” to Bind Books With Human Skin. He started the article like this:

You think Twitter is weird? Look at early print culture and the practice of what book historians call anthropodermic bibliopegy. That would be binding books in human skin.

Let’s suppose you were a rich man in the middle of the 17th century and you really loved Shakespeare’s sonnets. (You shouldn’t; they’re weak.) And you die. What a great use of your estate to have a copy of the sonnets bound with your skin. It could be propped up on a table in the sitting room and your children could say, “Dad’s looking good today!” According to Heather Cole, a curator at Harvard’s Houghton Library, “The confessions of criminals were occasionally bound in the skin of the convicted.” I’m thinking something like this:

It is a far, far better skin that I give, than I have ever given; it is a far, far better book that I bind than I have ever known. PS: I didn’t do it though. It was just a stupid 19th century plot device that I happen to look like this guy. You would think—really you would—if Dickens could save that jerk Ebenezer Scrooge, he could have saved me. But no. Of course not. Off with my head! Let’s get this thing over with.

Anyway, after testing for just about every form of ape and monkey skin around, Harvard now knows it has an actual book bound in human skin. And what is this book? It is Des Destinees de l’Ame by the French novelist Arsene Houssaye. You would think that any article about this book would mention what it is about. It is, after all, bound with human skin! But no. Even though he wrote well over a hundred works, English Wikipedia isn’t much interested in him. French Wikipedia is more interested, providing a more detailed biography and an actual list of works. But there is no entry on this book, but we do know he wrote it when he was 65 years old and the title in English is, The Destiny of the Soul.

According to an article in The Guardian, it is Houssaye’s “mediations on the spirit.” I assume that it was not published bound with human skin. In fact, an inscription on the last page of this copy reads:

The bynding of this booke is all that remains of my deare friende Jonas Wright, who was flayed alive by the Wavuma [The Wavuma are believed to be an African tribe from the region currently known as Zimbabwe.] on the Fourth Day of August, 1632. King Btesa did give me the book, it being one of poore Jonas chiefe possessions, together with ample of his skin to bynd it. Requiescat in pace. [Rest in peace.]

That’s 247 years before Des Destinees de l’Ame was published. So someone must have taken the original book, disposed of the pages, and put Houssaye’s book inside it. And why not? I mean, it is a book about the nature of the spirit, it ought to be encased inside human skin. But it’s still creepy as hell.

It rubs the lotion on its skin or else it gets the hose again.

“Pro-Growth” Policy Produce Poor States

Red State Blue State Rich State Poor StateThe Tax Foundation has put together a great map that looks at how much of each state’s total operating budget comes from federal government aid. But before we get to it, let me lay out a few things. One is that it is not exactly fair that states are compared in this way, because people move. For example, a man might work his whole life in California and then retire in Arizona. Thus, it looks like California is subsidizing Arizona, but at least in the case of this man, California has gotten credit for paying taxes and now Arizona looks like a “taker” when this man is just getting a return on taxes he paid in California. So a lot of this business about certain states taking more from the feds than they give is about the age of the population.

But that isn’t the only thing that is going on. It is also the case that natural resources matter. The bottom two states in terms of taking money from the feds are fossil fuel states. Hawaii is also at the bottom—tourism, perhaps? But this does highlight the fact that federal dollars flow to states that have a lot of poor people in them. So keep this in mind when you look at this graph, Federal Aid as a Percentage of State General Revenue, Fiscal Year 2012 (click over to get the full graph at much higher resolution):

Federal Aid as Percentage of State Revenue - 2012

The top state in terms of getting federal money is Mississippi, which gets almost half of all its revenue from the federal government. Yet it is one of the youngest states. But let’s face it: it’s poor. I don’t mind my tax dollars going to help those people out. But it is also a bright red state. So how does that affect the way the state government has decided to tax its people? In a word: unfairly. There is a great deal of really useful information in another publication of the Tax Foundation, Facts and Figures 2014. Mississippi gets 27.5% of its state revenue from property taxes. This is even less than California (28.9%), which has a real problem with under-taxing property (primarily by allowing property to stay under assessed). They get only 3.8% from corporate taxes, compared to 5.2% in California. And they get only 15.1% from income taxes, compared to 27.3% in California. The real tell is the sales tax—you know, the tax that really hits the poor. Mississippi gets a whopping 32% of its state revenue from that tax—almost 50% more than California collects, and that’s with temporarily higher sales taxes to get us out of debt.

It isn’t just Mississippi. In all the red states, we see the same things: low income taxes, low corporate taxes, low property taxes (although not always), and high sales taxes. These are very Republican supposedly pro-growth policies. But if they really were good for the economy, why is it that these red states are so poor? I mean, other than the fossil fuel states that would be rich regardless of their policies. It seems that the supposed pro-growth policies are really just pro-redistribution of income from the poor to the rich.

So I don’t think we should focus on the fact that Mississippi takes a lot more money from the federal government than it gives. We should focus on the fact that the people of Mississippi keep electing governments that take from the poor and give to the rich—all in the name of improving the economy. But the economy never improves. They just depend more on the federal government. You know, the government they claim to hate.


H/T: EJ Dionne

The Nice Side of All Deserving to Die

Sweeney ToddThere is one criticism of the music in Sweeney Todd—and more generally with everything that Stephen Sondheim has written: the lyrics are so dense that it is very easy to miss them. I was just taking a break and listening to the song “Epiphany.” I quite like the song, the melody is lovely and the refrain goes right along with the cynical side of my soul, “We all deserve to die.”

But as I listened to it today, I heard a lyric I hadn’t caught before, “For the rest of us, death will be a relief.” So it hit me that Sondheim had not, in fact, written a song about a homicidal man who thinks that everyone deserves to die because all of humanity is terrible. It is a song about a homicidal man who thinks that the bad people of the world deserve to die for their crimes and the good of the world deserve to die in the sense that good little girls and boys deserve presents on Christmas.

In it’s way, it is a more political song than “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised.” It is a song about class. Clearly, the movie (and the play) take place in the English dystopia of the middle 19th century. But it is still the same society that we live in today. And as much as we have made improvements on it, there is a large part of the political elite in this country that wants very much to return to 1848 London. Paul Ryan would never admit it, but his “philosophy” would lead us to just such perfect a place where we don’t have to worry about “a future in which we will transform our social safety net into a hammock, which lulls able-bodied people into lives of complacency and dependency.” You sir! How ’bout a shave?

The key lyrics are these:

Because in all of the whole human race, Mrs Lovett
There two kinds of men, and only two:
There’s the one staying put in his proper place
And the one with his foot in the other one’s face.

It does rather evoke the line from 1984, “A boot stamping on a human face—forever.” But it isn’t some totalitarian government doing it; it’s our mythical “job creators”—not stamping, just applying constant pressure.

There are thus two kinds of people in the world: those who deserve to die and those who deserve to die:

You sir! How ’bout a shave?

The Coal Misdirection

Dean BakerDean Baker wrote a great article yesterday, Why Do the Media Give So Much More Attention to Jobs We Lose Due to Environmental Restrictions Than Jobs We Lose Because of the Trade Deficit? And he actually answers half the question. I answer the rest.

The issue is that in the entire United States, there are less than 80,000 people who work in the coal industry. Is that a lot? Well, there are roughly 138 million jobs in the country. So that’s less than 0.06% of our work force. It would seem that this is not an industry that we should be all that concerned about. What’s more, as I discussed on Tuesday, because of changes in the way the coal industry is managed, coal jobs have been disappearing for decades. Baker noted that during the eight years from 1985 to 1993 (You know: the Reagan and Bush years!) the coal industry cut 80,000 jobs. And that was when there were fewer people in the work force and so the jobs lost was a bigger deal. As Baker noted, “I don’t recall anywhere near the same focus on this far more serious hit to coal country.”

Meanwhile, our country has seen a sharp rise in its trade deficit. This deficit is due to our strong dollar. It is cheaper for us to buy imported products and more expensive for other countries to buy our exported products. The increase in the deficit represents roughly 700,000 jobs, by Baker’s estimate. That’s in one year. Yet what is everyone talking about: the fact that some coal jobs will be lost because of new power plant regulations—regulations that will take effect over the course of 16 years. So even if all the coal jobs were lost (and they won’t be—not even close), that would be a loss of 5,000 jobs per year. This is an amount that likely could be accommodated by attrition alone. Regardless, this is less than one percent of the jobs lost due to our trade deficit.

So why does this get so little attention? Simple: the strong dollar is great for the rich. If you already have money, it is best that the money be worth as much as possible. But if you aren’t rich and don’t have a job, a strong dollar is bad. But it is worse than that. Baker pointed out that certain businesses you’ve heard of depend upon a strong dollar so they can continue to sell cheap imported goods to the working poor:

Walmart has spent decades building up low-cost supply chains throughout the world. It is not anxious to see the price of the goods it is importing increase by 15 to 20 percent due to a lower valued dollar. Similarly General Electric and other major manufacturers have set up operations in Mexico, China, and other low-wage countries. They don’t want to lose the advantage they get from cheap labor by seeing the dollar fall in value relative to the currencies of these countries.

Of course, this alone doesn’t explain why journalists aren’t interested in the subject. To understand that, you have to look to Chris Hedges in Death of the Liberal Class. The upper middle class who are our journalists and economists are supposed to be the ones who make the democracy work. They are supposed stop the excesses at the top. They are supposed to keep inequality in check, for example. Chris HedgesAs a class, that’s what they’re paid for. But over the last four decades, they’ve fallen down on the job and allowed our country to become effectively a plutocracy. That’s why our mainstream journalists focus on tiny issues, getting the people worried about an issue (eg coal) that is really all about how much money owners will make in profit. And that’s why the mainstream journalists ignore huge issues, letting the people stay ignorant of an issue (eg the trade deficit) that is hurting the people themselves.

I am not saying, however, that the journalists know they are doing this. It is just that over the years, the culture of journalism has lost its way. Fundamentally, it is about laziness. The “liberal class” thinks it deserves its decent lifestyle. It has forgotten that those lifestyles were provided for doing real work. And that work was not to be the apologists of the rule elites.

Afterword

Just to be clear, Dean Baker is doing great work as an economist and Chris Hedges is doing great work as a journalist. But the vast majority of the economists and journalists are nothing but lazy apologists for the power elite.